Machu Picchu Peru's lost city of the Incas

Machu Picchu, Peru's lost city of the Incas

In the sixteenth century the Spaniards conquered the Inca Empire, killing thousands and stole fortunes and forced people to abandon their culture and traditions, and within a short period fell all the cities of the empire, however, the invaders, but one overshadowed behind the clouds and dense bush turned into a myth greedy search for gold for centuries in vain, but in 1911 the world was on a date with a young boy from the descendants of the Inca to uncover the mystery of the lost city, which turned out to be one of the strangest cities in the history of mankind. 

City hanging lie between the clouds at an altitude of 2430 meters 

No one knows exactly where he came from Inca (Inca) has suddenly appeared in the twelfth century to establish a powerful kingdom based in Peru and its capital city of Cuzco, which is located at an altitude of 3980 meters (1) above sea level, and then expanded gradually to govern a vast empire parties stretching from southern Colombia to the north, and even Chile and Argentina to the south and is considered to control all this vast land marvel in itself if we know that the Incas did not use wheels and horses, and they do not know (2), but instead they create a network of long roads extends for a distance of 3250 miles for linking the provinces of the empire of the four together and facilitate the transport of passengers and goods, and government orders quickly, and in addition to their development in the field of management and construction was marked by the Inca also their system of social egalitarian land is and natural resources were owned by the state and distributed to the members of the people to work in return for payment of the tax system and is the closest thing to a socialist, but this does not mean that the Inca did not know the class differences there have been top layer of rich nobles and clergy. 

Inca empire was full of wonders and mysteries and perhaps the fall of the Empire rapid and resounding itself is more than these wonders surprising, Vhvna of the Spanish conquistadors numbering 168 men, with 28 horsepower and one cannon were able to defeat the armies of the Inca tractor, estimated at tens of thousands and managed through a short period, led by Francesco Pizarro (Francisco Pizarro) of the occupation of most of the territory after the empire that captured the emperor and killed him, and with the details of the invasion is broader than that we eat in this brief article, but he should note that some of the devastating and tragic events that keep pace with the occurrence the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors had a big role in weakening the Inca and their defeat and perhaps the most important and most influential is the smallpox epidemic (3), which has spread in the Empire and won a large proportion of the population, also coincides with the arrival of the invaders with a bloody civil war between two princes of the Inca because of the conflict around the throne of the empire, as the Spaniards weapons and firearms alliance of several local tribes hostile to them Anka played a major role in the defeat of the masses of the Inca militants Balvaas and simple tools of war and those who were unable to overcome the Spaniards modern military tactics. 

Dominated by the Spaniards in a few years on most parts of the Inca Empire and baptized since the beginning of the occupation to the destruction of culture and sacred Inca Vajprōhm to change their religion and their language, and they sent their men to work in the mines to extract precious metals, which took the Spanish ship-borne tonnes to the court of Charles I of Spain, was to each family of the Inca send one of its members to work in the mines of death, where he was usually die within one year as a result of malnutrition and disease, and hard work, and when he died was his family send individual second to replace it, I've had are the invaders is the only gold and silver and never did not care for the lives of the people of the Inca people harshly Familoa unrivaled and were the main cause of population decline within a few years by about 60-90%. 

During the decades that followed the fall of the Inca empire and dissolution spread a lot of stories and legends about the last refuge of Anka in lost cities, and has tried to Spaniards and other aspirants treasures access to these cities, the legendary but to no avail so many thought as mere myths have no basis of health, but the descendants of the Incas living in the sacred Valley (Urubamba Valley) they knew as fact and had concealed her secret for nearly four centuries until 1911 when the boy Local in eleven years of age under the guidance of one of the researchers Americans and named Hiram Bingham to the ruins of Machu Picchu (Machu Picchu), located at an altitude of 2430 meters above the summit of one of the mountains surrounding the valley sacred and has been the city when discovered completely covered by forests and bush which is due has been credited in hiding from the eyes of many centuries, despite a distance of fifty miles short separating them from the capital of the Inca Kazko and which later became after the headquarters of the Spanish government, and in 1912 he returned to the city, Bingham again with the mission of exploration funded by Yale University and the American was able to find a lot of artifacts, which transported him to the United States and then later became the subject of dispute between the Peruvian government, which claims that Bingham took the artifacts for between metaphor and Yale University, which refuses to re-cutting and claims that it has the right and the Bingham taken with the consent of the Peruvian government. 

Quickly initiated the city interesting people around the world Vetoalfd them a lot of prospectors and archaeologists who guessed the date its inception nearly a year in 1462 and thought it was a holy city inhabited by priestesses of the sun god, and because of the bones found in a cemetery in the city where he was most of them belonging to women only the survey talk to these human remains disprove this theory for his discovery that the number of skeletal remains of men is almost equal to those belonging to the women, and there are some researchers think that the city was the economic center and others believe it was a prison, while another team that it was a center for monitoring and determining dates calendar Inca, but the prevailing view today is that the city was among the property Emperor and had a role religion because of its location overlooking the sacred Valley of the Inca, and it is also possible that it was used to monitor and to determine dates because scientists have discovered the platform huge stone resembling time solar stone and perpendicular to the sun above the stone column is located in the center twice a year to fully so as not to leave any shadows. 

There are about 140 buildings in the city including temples and baths and palaces and houses and housing has been built mostly by granite boulders, which excelled in the Inca used in the construction of their buildings without the use of mortar where they were installing these rocks with some accurate admirable Fiktauha forms identical to interfere with each other so as not to leave any space between them, and this method is considered more effective in the face of earthquakes that frequently occur in the empire of the Inca walls built Palmlat which crumble quickly and as a single bloc, and has become the walls of a mystery other than gas Inca that the inability of scientists to solve, some of the boulders used in the installation of walls weighing more than fifty tons and transport so rocks without the use of wheels and animals transport Kalkhjul remains a dilemma difficult to solve and understand, despite many theories that have tried to interpret and may become this rock evidence and argument among some of the promoters of the theories of the forces of what metaphysics who claimed that the Inca were using sophisticated machinery unknown in their work or they were on relations with aliens sophisticated (4), and in fact that a lot of the mystery that surrounds the civilization of the Incas caused by the lack of a written language they have, even though they were using an odd way to codify calculations are based on the work of a group of nodes on the filament made ​​of llama dander and probably it was a way to account and not a written language. 

The city of Machu Picchu depend on access to water springs nearby, which transmits its water to all buildings through a network of channels stone, as they rely on for food crops that were grown over synthetic stone terraces surrounding the city, which was also contribute to the prevention of soil erosion. 

And scientists believe that the city was abandoned altogether in the mid-sixteenth century, before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors to the area shortly and reckon that the reason for leaving the city is infecting the population epidemic of smallpox, who spent a large proportion of them, and as a result it has been abandoned city and forgotten for centuries which long remained hidden from the eyes of the abusers. 

Today is access to the city by road Old climb from the valley and take the journey on foot 2-4 days and has contributed to the length of the road and the lack of means of modern transport in the small number of tourists and so I tried Peruvian government in the recent construction of a bridge facilitates access Zuaraly city and build hotels and resorts where, but this project confronted with strong opposition because of the fear that the increased number of tourists to the destruction of relics. 

It remains to be reminded that the city of Machu Picchu are among the relics included in the World Heritage List of UNESCO has also been elected as one of the new seven wonders of the world in 2007. 

1- scientists found traces of human beings to rise 5300 meters above sea level in the Inca Empire and the high altitudes and ask a question about how the Incas managed to adapt to life in their environment and with low oxygen and atmospheric pressure, and the answer lies in the body of the Inca man who is a little different for the common man, Vsah lung Inca biggest one-third of the common man and his heart, and it contains less amount of blood on the weakness of the carrier hemoglobin oxygen from the lungs to other organs of the body. 

2 Inca knew the use of the wheel and due to find toys for children where the wheels, but for some unknown reason did not use them in their movements and did not know the use of vehicles and most likely that the reason for non-use is the lack of animals large transport Kalkhjul extinct in the American continent before thousands years, and so when the Spaniards arrived to the new continent did not find one horse and did not have the Indians know anything about these animals. 

3 - smallpox and plague and influenza and typhoid and other infectious diseases brought by the Europeans with them to the American continent and not the Indians knew her before that and for this reason it has spread, including such as the spread like wildfire because of the lack of familiarity device immunity by reaping millions of them in a short period . 

4 - our time is always in this site is the lack of promotion of the myths with respect to all views and so should note that the idea of ​​a connection Aztecs and Incas and other ancient nations civilized creatures satellite or using technology developed for the construction of large buildings and curiosities left behind looks unconvincing and does not explain, for example, how consistent these nations possess the sophisticated technology with the rapid fall of empires and the Raiders in front of the apocalyptic number is much less of them, but they are superior in terms of military technology.

source : ( بقلم : اياد العطار ) www.kabbos.com